Mughal Empire, 1658–1707 CE
Autocracy · Empire · South Asia · Age of Absolutism era
The Mughal empire at its greatest extent under Aurangzeb, overstretched by endless war in the Deccan and mounting fiscal and religious strain.
Under Aurangzeb the Mughal empire reached its greatest territorial extent but exhausted itself in decades of costly warfare in the Deccan against the Marathas and others. Heavier taxation, the reimposition of the jizya and religious controversies strained the composite empire’s cohesion. After his death in 1707 central authority fragmented rapidly among governors, successor states and rising regional powers.
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Dominant patterns
- External Expansion
- Militarization
- Imperial Decline
- Succession Crisis
- Revolutionary Risk
Political-science factor profile
Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).
| Centralization of Power | 60 |
| Media Control | 50 |
| Repression | 60 |
| Nationalism | 48 |
| Militarization | 80 |
| Economic Stress | 55 |
| External Conflict | 82 |
| Cult of Personality | 62 |
| Elite Fragmentation | 62 |
| Institutions | 48 |
| Social Polarization | 60 |
| Corruption & Patrimonialism | 55 |
| Ideological Mobilization | 65 |
| External Sovereignty | 92 |
Economy & society
| GDP per capita | $750 (intl-$) |
| Population | 150.0M people |
| Share of world population | 23% |
| Territory | ~4.0M km² |
| Capital population | ~400k |
Closest historical twins
The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles Mughal Empire 1658–1707 CE, by similarity score (0–100).
- Arab Caliphate, 632–750 – similarity 93/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis, Revolutionary Risk
- Delhi Sultanate, 1206–1290 CE – similarity 91/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
- Ghaznavid Empire, 998–1040 CE – similarity 89/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
- Ottoman Empire, 1808–1839 – similarity 89/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
- Roman Empire, 324–361 CE – similarity 88/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
- Pontus, 120–63 BCE – similarity 86/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
- Russia, 1905–1917 – similarity 85/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis, Revolutionary Risk
- Ayyubid Sultanate, 1171–1250 CE – similarity 85/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
What followed
- The empire’s maximum territorial reach.
- Overextension preceding rapid post-1707 fragmentation.