United Kingdom, 1939–1945

Democracy · Monarchy · Western Europe · World War II era

Wartime Britain under a national government, a democracy mobilizing totally for war against Nazi Germany while preserving parliamentary rule.

Britain fought the Second World War under a cross-party national government led by Winston Churchill, mobilizing its economy, society and empire almost totally for the war effort while preserving parliamentary government, elections-in-abeyance by agreement, and civil liberties in large part. It withstood the 1940 air campaign and, with allies, contributed to Axis defeat. The war left the country victorious but economically exhausted.

Open United Kingdom 1939–1945 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • External Expansion
  • Militarization
  • Regime Stabilization
  • Democratization
  • Economic Crisis

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power62
Media Control55
Repression42
Nationalism72
Militarization92
Economic Stress60
External Conflict95
Cult of Personality45
Elite Fragmentation35
Institutions78
Social Polarization35
Corruption & Patrimonialism28
Ideological Mobilization50
External Sovereignty95

Economy & society

GDP per capita$6900 (intl-$)
GDP growth+2%/yr
Population48.0M people
Share of world population2.1%
Urban share79%
Territory~245k km²
Capital population~8.2M

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles United Kingdom 1939–1945, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. United States, 1941–1945 – similarity 94/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization
  2. Prussia, 1797–1815 – similarity 87/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization
  3. Great Britain, 1783–1815 – similarity 85/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization
  4. Japan, 1868–1912 – similarity 83/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization
  5. Sweden, 1697–1721 CE – similarity 83/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Economic Crisis
  6. Prussia, 1740–1786 – similarity 81/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization
  7. Sparta, 490–371 BCE – similarity 81/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization
  8. Japan, 1905–1918 – similarity 81/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Regime Stabilization, Democratization

What followed

  • Total mobilization and victory in the Second World War.
  • Constitutional continuity through total war.