British India, 1858–1947

Autocracy · Empire · South Asia · Imperial Zenith era

Crown rule over the subcontinent through a centralized bureaucracy and a large standing army, with no franchise for most of the period, recurrent famines, and a mass nationalist movement from the 1920s.

Open British India 1858–1947 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • Economic Crisis
  • Regime Stabilization

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power70
Media Control60
Repression65
Nationalism50
Militarization60
Economic Stress65
External Conflict45
Cult of Personality25
Elite Fragmentation45
Institutions65
Social Polarization70
Corruption & Patrimonialism45
Ideological Mobilization50
External Sovereignty5

Economy & society

GDP per capita$1033 (intl-$)
GDP growth+0.1%/yr
Population390.0M people
Share of world population16.1%
Life expectancy26.3 years

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles British India 1858–1947, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. Dutch East Indies, 1830–1942 – similarity 97/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Regime Stabilization
  2. French Indochina, 1887–1945 – similarity 96/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Regime Stabilization
  3. French Algeria, 1870–1954 – similarity 80/100 · shared: Economic Crisis
  4. Korea, 1910–1945 – similarity 72/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Regime Stabilization
  5. Congo Free State, 1885–1908 – similarity 53/100 · shared: Economic Crisis
  6. France, 1940–1944 – similarity 46/100 · shared: Economic Crisis
  7. East Germany, 1949–1989 – similarity 45/100 · shared: Regime Stabilization
  8. Poland, 1980–1989 – similarity 42/100 · shared: Economic Crisis

What followed

  • Independence and the partition of British India in 1947.
  • Mass violence and displacement during partition.