France, 1946–1968

Democracy · Republic · Western Europe · High Cold War era

France from the unstable Fourth Republic through de Gaulle’s Fifth, decolonizing amid the Algerian War while modernizing and rebuilding as a democracy.

Postwar France rebuilt and modernized rapidly during the "trente glorieuses", but the parliamentary Fourth Republic was destabilized by colonial wars in Indochina and Algeria. The Algerian crisis returned Charles de Gaulle to power in 1958 and produced the presidential Fifth Republic. France decolonized, developed an independent nuclear deterrent and asserted autonomy within the Western alliance.

Open France 1946–1968 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • External Expansion
  • Militarization
  • Democratization
  • Great-Power Rivalry

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power55
Media Control42
Repression45
Nationalism60
Militarization65
Economic Stress40
External Conflict65
Cult of Personality48
Elite Fragmentation52
Institutions62
Social Polarization55
Corruption & Patrimonialism42
Ideological Mobilization48
External Sovereignty92

Economy & society

GDP per capita$9000 (intl-$)
GDP growth+5%/yr
Population49.0M people
Share of world population1.6%
Urban share62%
Territory~550k km²
Capital population~8.0M

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles France 1946–1968, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. Carthage, 450–350 BCE – similarity 95/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  2. Roman Republic, 450–390 BCE – similarity 94/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  3. France, 1900–1914 – similarity 94/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  4. Germany, 1890–1914 – similarity 91/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  5. France, 1870–1900 – similarity 90/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  6. United States, 1945–1968 – similarity 90/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  7. United States, 1981–1989 – similarity 89/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry
  8. Kamakura Japan, 1185–1333 CE – similarity 88/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization, Great-Power Rivalry

What followed

  • A strong presidential republic from 1958.
  • Decolonization and the loss of empire.