France, 1919–1932

Democracy · Republic · Western Europe · Interwar Years era

Interwar France, a republic on the winning side of 1918 but demographically and financially strained, seeking security against Germany through alliances and the Maginot line.

Victorious but drained by the war, interwar France sought security against a larger Germany through alliances, reparations enforcement and fixed defenses. The Third Republic’s parliamentary system produced frequent, short-lived cabinets even as the underlying regime endured. Financial instability and, later, the Depression strained politics and society.

Open France 1919–1932 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • Democratization
  • Economic Crisis
  • External Expansion

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power52
Media Control32
Repression35
Nationalism60
Militarization55
Economic Stress55
External Conflict55
Cult of Personality30
Elite Fragmentation60
Institutions62
Social Polarization58
Corruption & Patrimonialism42
Ideological Mobilization45
External Sovereignty95

Economy & society

GDP per capita$4500 (intl-$)
GDP growth+1.8%/yr
Population41.0M people
Share of world population2%
Urban share47%
Life expectancy54.4 years
Territory~550k km²
Capital population~2.9M

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles France 1919–1932, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. India, 1947–1966 – similarity 87/100 · shared: Democratization, Economic Crisis
  2. United States, 1968–1980 – similarity 87/100 · shared: Democratization, Economic Crisis, External Expansion
  3. France, 1870–1900 – similarity 86/100 · shared: Democratization, External Expansion
  4. United Kingdom, 1970–1979 – similarity 86/100 · shared: Democratization, Economic Crisis
  5. France, 1900–1914 – similarity 82/100 · shared: Democratization, External Expansion
  6. United Kingdom, 1918–1931 – similarity 82/100 · shared: Democratization, Economic Crisis
  7. United Kingdom, 2010–2016 – similarity 81/100 · shared: Democratization, Economic Crisis
  8. United States, 1789–1815 – similarity 80/100 · shared: Democratization

What followed

  • Continuity of the parliamentary republic.
  • Chronic cabinet instability and security anxiety.