Syria, 2011–2019
Autocracy · Republic · Middle East · The 2010s era
Syria’s descent from protest into a prolonged, multi-sided civil war with foreign intervention, mass displacement and state fragmentation.
Protests in 2011 met with force escalated into a multi-sided civil war involving the government, a range of opposition and jihadist factions, Kurdish forces and several foreign powers. Large parts of the country were destroyed, and millions were displaced internally and abroad. By the end of the decade the government, backed by external allies, had recovered much of the territory while areas remained outside its control.
Dominant patterns
- Economic Crisis
- Militarization
- External Expansion
- Revolutionary Risk
- Authoritarian Shift
Political-science factor profile
Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).
| Centralization of Power | 45 |
| Media Control | 72 |
| Repression | 95 |
| Nationalism | 60 |
| Militarization | 92 |
| Economic Stress | 92 |
| External Conflict | 90 |
| Cult of Personality | 72 |
| Elite Fragmentation | 65 |
| Institutions | 25 |
| Social Polarization | 90 |
| Corruption & Patrimonialism | 75 |
| Ideological Mobilization | 60 |
| External Sovereignty | 55 |
Economy & society
| GDP per capita | $3000 (intl-$) |
| GDP growth | -15%/yr |
| Population | 18.0M people |
| Share of world population | 0.25% |
| Urban share | 55% |
| Life expectancy | 65 years |
Closest historical twins
The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles Syria 2011–2019, by similarity score (0–100).
- Rwanda, 1990–1994 – similarity 86/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Revolutionary Risk, Authoritarian Shift
- China, 1937–1945 – similarity 83/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Revolutionary Risk
- Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918 – similarity 81/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Revolutionary Risk
- Serbia, 1989–2000 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Authoritarian Shift
- Qing Dynasty, 1820–1860 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Revolutionary Risk
- China, 1927–1937 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Militarization, External Expansion, Revolutionary Risk
- Iraq, 1979–2003 – similarity 74/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Authoritarian Shift
- Haiti, 1791–1804 – similarity 74/100 · shared: Economic Crisis, Militarization, External Expansion, Revolutionary Risk
What followed
- A prolonged multi-sided civil war.
- Mass violence and displacement of civilians.