Brazil, 1937–1945

Autocracy · Republic · South America · World War II era

Vargas’s Estado Novo in Brazil, a corporatist authoritarian regime of censorship and state-led industrialization that joined the Allies in the war.

Getúlio Vargas proclaimed the Estado Novo in 1937, a centralized, corporatist and authoritarian regime with censorship, a suppressed congress and state-led industrialization and labor legislation. Nationalist and modernizing, the regime nonetheless joined the Allies and sent troops to fight in Italy. Pressure for democratization led to Vargas’s removal and elections in 1945.

Open Brazil 1937–1945 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • Personalist Rule
  • Authoritarian Shift
  • Regime Stabilization

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power70
Media Control72
Repression62
Nationalism68
Militarization55
Economic Stress45
External Conflict45
Cult of Personality68
Elite Fragmentation45
Institutions55
Social Polarization50
Corruption & Patrimonialism52
Ideological Mobilization62
External Sovereignty88

Economy & society

GDP per capita$1600 (intl-$)
GDP growth+3%/yr
Population42.0M people
Share of world population1.8%
Urban share31%
Territory~8.5M km²
Capital population~1.8M

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles Brazil 1937–1945, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. Turkey, 1923–1938 – similarity 88/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  2. China, 1978–1989 – similarity 88/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  3. China, 2012–2024 – similarity 82/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  4. Portugal, 1933–1974 – similarity 82/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  5. China, 1993–2004 – similarity 81/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  6. Saudi Arabia, 2015–2024 – similarity 81/100 · shared: Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  7. Indonesia, 1966–1998 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift, Regime Stabilization
  8. Ghana, 1957–1966 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Personalist Rule, Authoritarian Shift

What followed

  • A centralized corporatist dictatorship.
  • A return to elections in 1945.