France, 1789–1799
Hybrid Regime · Republic · Western Europe · Age of Revolutions era
The Great Revolution: the breaking of the old regime, terror, radical polarization, and foreign wars.
Fiscal crisis forced the convocation of the Estates-General, which became a National Assembly and dismantled feudal privilege. The monarchy’s failed flight and war with the European coalition radicalized politics toward the republic and the Terror of 1793–94. Thermidor ended the Terror; the Directory cycled between coups amid war and inflation. Bonaparte’s 1799 coup closed the revolutionary decade.
Dominant patterns
- External Expansion
- Militarization
- Democratization
- Revolutionary Risk
Political-science factor profile
Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).
| Centralization of Power | 37 |
| Media Control | 26 |
| Repression | 38 |
| Nationalism | 84 |
| Militarization | 80 |
| Economic Stress | 62 |
| External Conflict | 84 |
| Cult of Personality | 36 |
| Elite Fragmentation | 88 |
| Institutions | 71 |
| Social Polarization | 96 |
| Corruption & Patrimonialism | 26 |
| Ideological Mobilization | 90 |
| External Sovereignty | 68 |
Economy & society
| GDP per capita | $1300 (intl-$) |
| GDP growth | -0.5%/yr |
| Population | 28.0M people |
| Share of world population | 3.1% |
| Life expectancy | 28 years |
Closest historical twins
The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles France 1789–1799, by similarity score (0–100).
- Austria-Hungary, 1900–1918 – similarity 81/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Revolutionary Risk
- United States, 2008–2024 – similarity 77/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization
- United States, 1860–1865 – similarity 76/100 · shared: Militarization, Democratization, Revolutionary Risk
- Roman Republic, 450–390 BCE – similarity 68/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization
- Novgorod Republic, 1200–1300 CE – similarity 67/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization
- United States, 1981–1989 – similarity 67/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization
- United States, 1968–1980 – similarity 65/100 · shared: External Expansion, Militarization, Democratization
- Germany, 1918–1923 – similarity 64/100 · shared: Democratization, Revolutionary Risk
What followed
- Destruction of the monarchy and the estates.
- Napoleon's rise to power.