Germany, 1918–1923
Democracy · Republic · Western Europe · Interwar Years era
The early Weimar Republic: hyperinflation, putsches, and extreme instability.
Defeat and revolution replaced the monarchy with a republic contested from both flanks – Spartacist risings, Freikorps violence and the Kapp putsch. Reparations and the occupation of the Ruhr triggered the 1923 hyperinflation, which destroyed cash savings. Bavaria hosted the failed Hitler–Ludendorff putsch that November. Currency reform and the Dawes plan opened a fragile stabilization.
Dominant patterns
- Democratization
- Revolutionary Risk
Political-science factor profile
Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).
| Centralization of Power | 22 |
| Media Control | 17 |
| Repression | 36 |
| Nationalism | 74 |
| Militarization | 30 |
| Economic Stress | 47 |
| External Conflict | 44 |
| Cult of Personality | 20 |
| Elite Fragmentation | 90 |
| Institutions | 85 |
| Social Polarization | 90 |
| Corruption & Patrimonialism | 15 |
| Ideological Mobilization | 21 |
| External Sovereignty | 45 |
Economy & society
| GDP per capita | $4656 (intl-$) |
| GDP growth | -1.6%/yr |
| Population | 64.2M people |
| Share of world population | 3.3% |
Closest historical twins
The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles Germany 1918–1923, by similarity score (0–100).
- United States, 1860–1865 – similarity 77/100 · shared: Democratization, Revolutionary Risk
- Austria-Hungary, 1900–1918 – similarity 70/100 · shared: Revolutionary Risk
- United Kingdom, 1815–1837 – similarity 67/100 · shared: Democratization
- France, 2007–2024 – similarity 67/100 · shared: Democratization
- Germany, 2005–2024 – similarity 66/100 · shared: Democratization
- France, 1789–1799 – similarity 64/100 · shared: Democratization, Revolutionary Risk
- United States, 2008–2024 – similarity 62/100 · shared: Democratization
- Spain, 1982–1996 – similarity 62/100 · shared: Democratization
What followed
- Hyperinflation and political violence.
- Temporary stabilization in the mid-1920s.