Brazil, 1822–1850

Autocracy · Monarchy · South America · Industrial Age era

The independent Empire of Brazil, a constitutional slaveholding monarchy that preserved territorial unity through regional revolts under Pedro I and II.

Brazil became independent in 1822 as a constitutional monarchy under a branch of the Portuguese royal house, uniquely preserving both monarchy and territorial unity in the Americas. A slaveholding plantation economy underpinned the empire, and a regency period saw serious provincial revolts before central authority was consolidated under Pedro II. Parliamentary institutions and a landed elite structured its politics.

Open Brazil 1822–1850 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • Democratization
  • Revolutionary Risk
  • Imperial Decline

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power50
Media Control40
Repression45
Nationalism55
Militarization48
Economic Stress45
External Conflict45
Cult of Personality48
Elite Fragmentation60
Institutions55
Social Polarization65
Corruption & Patrimonialism50
Ideological Mobilization45
External Sovereignty90

Economy & society

GDP per capita$1000 (intl-$)
Population7.0M people
Share of world population0.64%
Territory~8.2M km²
Capital population~200k

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles Brazil 1822–1850, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. France, 1815–1848 – similarity 90/100 · shared: Democratization, Revolutionary Risk, Imperial Decline
  2. Brazil, 2019–2022 – similarity 77/100 · shared: Democratization, Revolutionary Risk
  3. India, 1998–2009 – similarity 75/100 · shared: Democratization
  4. United States, 1865–1898 – similarity 74/100 · shared: Democratization
  5. France, 1919–1932 – similarity 72/100 · shared: Democratization
  6. India, 1947–1966 – similarity 72/100 · shared: Democratization
  7. Turkey, 2002–2011 – similarity 70/100 · shared: Revolutionary Risk
  8. United States, 1789–1815 – similarity 70/100 · shared: Democratization

What followed

  • A durable constitutional monarchy holding the country together.
  • Suppressed provincial rebellions.