France, 1815–1848

Hybrid Regime · Monarchy · Western Europe · Industrial Age era

France of the Restoration and July Monarchy, a censitary constitutional monarchy of narrow suffrage and rising industrial and republican tensions.

After Napoleon, France restored a constitutional monarchy under the Bourbons and then, following the 1830 revolution, the Orléanist July Monarchy, both resting on a narrow property-based franchise. Industrialization, urban growth and republican, socialist and Bonapartist currents strained the "bourgeois" order. Discontent culminated in the revolution of 1848 and the proclamation of the Second Republic.

Open France 1815–1848 in the interactive 3D atlas →

Dominant patterns

  • Democratization
  • Imperial Decline
  • Revolutionary Risk
  • Succession Crisis

Political-science factor profile

Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).

Centralization of Power55
Media Control40
Repression45
Nationalism55
Militarization50
Economic Stress50
External Conflict45
Cult of Personality35
Elite Fragmentation58
Institutions52
Social Polarization62
Corruption & Patrimonialism50
Ideological Mobilization48
External Sovereignty92

Economy & society

GDP per capita$1900 (intl-$)
GDP growth+1.2%/yr
Population35.0M people
Share of world population3.2%
Urban share24%
Territory~530k km²
Capital population~900k

Closest historical twins

The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles France 1815–1848, by similarity score (0–100).

  1. Brazil, 1822–1850 – similarity 90/100 · shared: Democratization, Imperial Decline, Revolutionary Risk
  2. France, 1919–1932 – similarity 77/100 · shared: Democratization
  3. India, 1998–2009 – similarity 74/100 · shared: Democratization
  4. France, 1715–1723 – similarity 73/100 · shared: Democratization, Imperial Decline, Succession Crisis
  5. France, 1870–1900 – similarity 73/100 · shared: Democratization
  6. United States, 1865–1898 – similarity 71/100 · shared: Democratization
  7. India, 1947–1966 – similarity 71/100 · shared: Democratization
  8. Tunisia, 2011–2019 – similarity 70/100 · shared: Democratization, Revolutionary Risk

What followed

  • The 1830 and 1848 revolutions.
  • Alternating constitutional and republican settlements.