United Kingdom, 1815–1837
Hybrid Regime · Monarchy · Western Europe · Industrial Age era
Postwar stabilization, industrialization, and a gradual expansion of rights amid stable institutions.
Post-Napoleonic distress produced radical agitation and repressive statutes through 1819. Gradual liberalization followed: Catholic emancipation in 1829 and the 1832 Reform Act expanding the franchise. Industrialization accelerated urban growth and a reform-oriented press. Institutions adapted through legislation rather than rupture, making the period the dataset’s reference case of gradual reform.
Dominant patterns
- Democratization
Political-science factor profile
Each factor 0–100; higher = stronger authoritarian / crisis pole (except institutional stability, where higher = stronger institutions).
| Centralization of Power | 19 |
| Media Control | 28 |
| Repression | 23 |
| Nationalism | 58 |
| Militarization | 50 |
| Economic Stress | 57 |
| External Conflict | 36 |
| Cult of Personality | 16 |
| Elite Fragmentation | 35 |
| Institutions | 76 |
| Social Polarization | 60 |
| Corruption & Patrimonialism | 42 |
| Ideological Mobilization | 25 |
| External Sovereignty | 91 |
Economy & society
| GDP per capita | $3473 (intl-$) |
| GDP growth | +0.5%/yr |
| Population | 25.9M people |
| Share of world population | 2.2% |
| Life expectancy | 40.9 years |
Closest historical twins
The country-eras whose structural profile most resembles United Kingdom 1815–1837, by similarity score (0–100).
- United States, 1789–1815 – similarity 89/100 · shared: Democratization
- United States, 1865–1898 – similarity 89/100 · shared: Democratization
- United States, 1929–1939 – similarity 81/100 · shared: Democratization
- India, 1998–2009 – similarity 79/100 · shared: Democratization
- United Kingdom, 2010–2016 – similarity 79/100 · shared: Democratization
- Spain, 1982–1996 – similarity 79/100 · shared: Democratization
- Switzerland, 1848–1914 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Democratization
- Norway, 1905–1914 – similarity 78/100 · shared: Democratization
What followed
- Gradual political reforms.
- Industrial growth and imperial expansion.